A¸\pw aIfpw hnip²]Zhnbnte¡ v þ

kn. kmMväm kn.Fw.kn.

Cc«^ew NqSnb Hcp kpµckz]v\w

                                                                             kn. kmMväm kn.Fw.kn.

                                                                              kp¸ocnbÀ P\dÂ

H¶c നൂറ്റാണ്ടു മുൻപ് {Im´ZÀinbmb Hcp sshZnI³ A´ÀZmlt¯msS ssZh¯n icWwsh¨v കണ്ട Hcp kz]v\¯nsâ km£mXvImcamWv 2014 \hw_À 23 \v tIcfIt¯men¡mk`bn km£mXvIcn¡s¸Sp¶Xv. hn. AÂt^m¬km½bv¡ptijw c­p hnip²sc¡qSn k`bv¡p e`n¡p¶p. ‘a¨nbmb tIcfk`bn hnip²cnÃm¯XpsIm­v thZ\n¨ncp¶’ hmgv¯s¸« Nmhdb¨\pw AXn\p ]cnlmcamÀ¤sat¶mWw At±l¯m Øm]nXamb Hcp k\ymkkaql¯nse AwKamb hmgv¯s¸« Fhp{]mkym½bpw Htc kabw hnip² ]Zhnbnte¡v DbÀ¯s¸Sp¶Xv AXy]qÀÆhpw [\yhpamb Hcp Ncn{X\nanjamWv. ‘Ime¯n\p ap³t] \S¶p\o§nb IÀ½tbmKn’ F¶dnbs¸«ncp¶ hmgv¯s¸« Nmhdb¨³ ImeL«¯n\p {]Imiw ]c¯n IS¶pt]mbn. At±l¯nsâ Bßob aIÄ ‘{]mÀ°n¡p¶ A½’ F¶p P\w hnfn¨ncp¶ Fhp{]mky½ CXm Xsâ Bßob]nXmhns\m¸w aebnepbÀ¯s¸« Zo]ambn amdnbncn¡p¶p. BtKmfk` C¶v Cu shÅnshfn¨§sf Xncn¨dnªv  AwKoIcn¨v BZcn¡pIbmWv. 

tIcfk`sb hfÀ¯phm\pw DbÀ¯phm\pw Icw ]nSn¨p\S¯phm\pw ssZhw {]tXyIw XnscªSp¯p]tbmKn¨ hyànbmWv hmg¯s¸« Nmhdb¨³. sImth´Ifpw I\yImaT§fpw k`bpsS hfÀ¨bv¡v A\nhmcysa¶v hnizkn¨ncp¶ At±lw 1831  am¶m\¯v kn.Fw.sF. k`bv¡pw 1866 Iq\½mhn kv{XoIÄ¡mbpÅ BZys¯ k\ymkn\o kaql¯n\pw Bcw`w Ipdn¨t¸mÄ Xm³ Xmtemen¨ncp¶ Hcp henb kz]v\w `mKnIambn ^ew NqSpIbmbncp¶p. Øm]I]nXmhv kz]v\w I­ hnip²n Fhp{]mky½ kzPohnX¯n A\zÀ°am¡n.  kapZmb kap²mcW¯n\pw IpSpw_§fpsS \hoIcW¯n\pw kv{Xo iànsb DÖohn¸n¡Wsa¶v Is­¯n Cu ZoÀLZÀin. `ànbpw IÀ½hpw H¶p aäXns\ DWÀ¯n k¼¶am¡p¶hn[¯n X¶n kay¡mbn kt½fn¸n¨psIm­v temI¯n \nesIm­ Cu [ym\tbmKnbpsS ssZht¯mSpÅ AÀ¸Ww ssZhP\t¯mSpÅ {]Xn_²Xbv¡v t{]cWbmbn¯oÀ¶p.

Øm]I]nXmhv kz]v\w കണ്ട­ hnip²n Fhp{]mky½bpw kzPohnX¯n A\zÀ°am¡n. IÀ¯mhmWv Fsâ Hmlcnbpw ]m\]m{Xhpw F¶Xv PohnXap{ZmhmIyambn kzoIcn¨ncp¶ Nmhdb¨sâ amXrIbpw ssNX\yhpw At±l¯nsâ am\k]p{Xnbmb Fhp{]mky½bpw Xsâ PohnX¯nte¡v H¸nsbSp¯ncp¶p. Xriqcnse Im«qÀ {Kma¯n [\mVy\pw \m«p{]amWnbpambncp¶ Fehp¯n¦Â tNÀ¸p¡mc³ At´mWnbpsSbpw AcWm«pIc Nmenticn C«n¡pcp Xdhm«nse Iptª¯nbpsSbpw aIfmbn 1877 HIvtSm_À 17þmw XobXnbmWv ]pWyss]XÂþFhp{]mkym `qPmXbmbXv. Im¡p, Ipªptem\¸³, sIm¨utk¸v F¶o aq¶p ktlmZc³amcpw _mey{]mb¯n acWaSª sIm¨pt{Xkym F¶ ktlmZcnbpw AhÄ¡p­mbncp¶p. 1877 HIvtSm_À 25þmw XnbXn CShI ]Ånbmb FS¯ncp¯nbnse ]cnip² IÀ½e amXmhnsâ tZhmeb¯n Úm\kv\m\w \ÂIs¸«p. tdmk F¶mbncp¶p Úm\kv\m\\maw. `àbpw kvt\lk¼¶bpamb A½ Xsâ Hma\]p{Xnsb aSnbnencp¯n XtemSp¶tXmsSm¸w Xs¶ ssZhkvt\l¯ntâbpw ssZhamXr`ànbptSbpw hn¯pIfpw B ]n©plrZb¯n ]mIn. {]mÀ°\m\nÀ`camb Hcp A´co£¯n a¡sf hfÀ¯n hepXm¡m³ A½ AXoh {i²mephmbncp¶p.  Bgamb ssZhkvt\lw Fhp{]mky½bpsS lrZbk¼¯mbncp¶p. H³]Xmw hbÊnÂXs¶, Xsâ ssZhhnfn¡v ImtXmÀ¡phm\pw BbXn\pÅ {]Xyp¯cambn CutimbpsS aWhm«nbmIphm\pÅ Xocpam\saSp¡phm\pw A\nXckm[mcWamb hodpw hnip²nbpw Nqgv¶p \n¶ncp¶ hnip²hyànXz¯nsâ DSaØbmbncp¶p Fhp{]mky½. kaÀ¸nXPohnX¯nsâ hnip²\oÀ¨mepIfneqsS Hcp kvt\l{]hmlambn HgpInbnd§nb Cu kpIrXn\n tIcf IÀ½ek\ymkn\o kaql¯nse HcwKambn 55 hÀjw Pohn¨v 1952 BKÌv 29\v, 75þmw hbÊn HÃqÀ AatemÛamXmhnsâ I\yImaT¯n sh¨v ]ctemI{]m]vXbmbn.

A\pIcWmÀl§fmb hnip²PohnX§sf, Ime¯nsâ \ShgnIfneqsS, hgnIm«nIfmbn \S¯p¶Xv, ]nXmhmb ssZh¯nsâ IcpXepw ImcpWyhpamWv. BßobXbpsS \ndhpw XnIhpw ]IÀ¶v hnip²shfn¨¯nsâ hgnIm«nbmbn \S¶p\o§nb Fhp{]mky ssZhoI]²XnbpsS hensbmcp ASbmfhpw km£yhpamWv. XncplrZb`àn, ZnhyImcpWy\mYt\mSpÅ kvt\lw, {IpinXt\mSpÅ AZayamb _Ôw, ssZhamXr`àn, P]ametbmSpÅ D]mk\ F¶n§s\bpÅ BßZml§fpambn ssZthm·pJambn DbÀ¶tXmsSm¸w, Xncpk`tbmSpw ]m]nItfmSpw thZ\n¡p¶ ktlmZc§tfmSpw Imemh[n Im¯pIgnbp¶ ip²oIcmßm¡tfmSpw XmZmßys¸«v {]mÀ°n¡pIbpw {]mbÝn¯§Ä A\pjvTn¡pIbpw ]cnXymK{]hr¯nIÄ sN¿pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p.

GItZiw c­p ]Xnäm­pImew Xsâ Bß]nXmhmbncp¶ tPm¬ ta\mt¨cn ]nXmhn\v kz´w ssI¸Sbn¯s¶ FgpXn Ab¨ Fgp]¯nsbm³]tXmfw I¯pIÄ Cu I\yIbpsS ho£WZÀi\§fpw {]mÀ°\m\p`§fpw ]cnXymK{]hr¯nIfpw am{XaÃ, ss]imNnI {]tem`\§fpw B{IaW§fpw IqSn sXm«dnbphm³ DÄ¡mgvN \ÂIp¶XmWv. CutimbpsS XncplrZb¯nsâ Fhp{]mky½ Hfn¡s¸« Xsâ PohnX¯nsâ ad\o¡n Cu I¯pIfnesS ]pd¯phcp¶p. {]kvXpX I¯pIsfÃmw kq£n¡s¸«ncn¡p¶psh¶pÅXv XoÀ¯pw Hcp ssZh\ntbmKamW.v Pohn¨ncn¡pt¼mÄ Xs¶ ‘]pWyapÅ I\ymkv{Xo’ F¶p hnfn¡s¸«ncp¶ B ]pWymßmhnsâ ]pWy]cn]qÀ®Xbnte¡pÅ ]ShpIÄ ]cntim[n¡pt¼mÄ, ]e ap¯pIfpw Cu I¯pIfpsS sI«nÂ\n¶pw hmcn¡q«phm³ Ignªn«ps­¶pÅXv {]tXyI {]kànbÀln¡p¶XmWv.

henb Imcy§sfm¶pw sN¿msX henbhsf¶v Ncn{Xw km£ys¸Sp¯nb hmgv¯s¸« Fhp{]mky½ PohnX¯n sNbvX Htc Hcp henb Imcyw ‘henbh’\mb IÀ¯mhnt\mSp tNÀ¶p\n¶p F¶XmW.v Xs¶ kao]n¡p¶htcbpw Cu ‘henbh\n’te¡pÅ hgn ImWn¨psImSp¡phm³ A½ {]tXyIw {i²n¨ncp¶p. PohnX¯nsâ Zp:J§fpw {]bmk§fpw F§s\ ap¯pIfm¡n amämsa¶v A½ Ahsc ]Tn¸n¨p. CutimbpsS XncplrZb¯nsâ Fhp{]mkym, B XncplrZb¯n I¯nsbcnbp¶ ssZhkvt\lmán X¶nepw I¯nsbcnbphm³ B{Kln¨p ]dªp: “IÀ¯mhns\{]Xn ]mSps]Sp¶XnÂ]cw `mKyw F´p­v?.....Rm³ Fsâ ssZhs¯ kvt\ln¡p¶p. FÃmhcpw AhnSps¯ kvt\ln¡p¶Xn\v B{Kln¡p¶p. Fsâ Cutimsb, A§tbmSpÅ kvt\l¯m I¯nsbcnbp¶ Hcp lrZbw F\n¡p XcWta ” (samgnap¯pIfpw kpIrXP]§fpw pp.2,4).

Aánbn kv^pSw sN¿pt´mdpw s]m¶v AXnsâ If¦w \o§n IqSpX {]Imin¡p¶Xpt]mse Bßkm[IÀ PohnXm\p`h§fn kzbw kv^pSw sNbvXv Úm\Zo]¯m IqSpX {]IminXcmbn¯ocp¶p. IÀ½ess]XrI¯nÂ\n¶v kn.Fw.kn bnte¡v HgpInbnd§nb ssZhamXr`ànbpw acnb³PohnXssienbpw  A¸msS kz´am¡nb Fhp{]mky½bpsS Xm]kPohnXw A\mhcWw sN¿s¸«t¸mÄ A\p{KloXambXv BtKmfIt¯men¡mk`bmWv.  ]cnip²adnb¯n \ndªp\n¶ [ym\mßIXbpw ssZhlnX¯n\pÅ Iogvhg§epw ‘Bcm[n¡p¶ au\’t¯msS ]p{Xsâ c£Wob IÀ½¯nepÅ ]¦ptNcepw AhfpsS B´coIssNX\ys¯ Icp]nSn¸n¡p¶Xn kzm[o\hpw {]tNmZ\hpw \ÂInb kwKXnIfmWv. hmgv¯s¸« Fhp{]mky½sb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw PohnXw apgph³ {]mÀ°\bmbncp¶p. AXv {]mÀ°\ thfIfn am{Xw HXp§p¶ Hcp IÀ½]cn]mSnbmbncp¶nÃ. kZm [ym\\nÀeo\bmbn«mWv A½sb FÃmhcpw I­ncp¶Xv. ]cnip²{XoXzs¯ [ym\n¨v, hc{]kmZw \ncªpXpfp¼p¶ apJhpambn, \nÈ_vZambn ImeSnIÄsh¨v I®pIÄ Xmgv¯n incÊev]w Ip\n¨v ssI¿n Nen¡p¶ P]amebpambn \S¡p¶ A½sb ‘k©cn¡p¶ k{Imcn’ F¶mWv ktlmZcnamÀ hntijn¸n¨ncp¶Xv. ‘IÀ¯mth, Rm\§bn icWs¸Sp¶p. IÀ¯mth, Fs¶ \o ssIhnStÃ’F¶p kZm {]mÀ°n¡pIbpw thZ\Ifn Huj[sat¶mWw aäpÅhÀ¡v AXv D]tZin¨psImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. Xsâ Bhiy§sfÃmw ssZhw \ndthän¯cpw F¶ Dd¸v Nmhdb¨s\t¸mse A½bnepw Ft¸mgpw \ne\n¶ncp¶p.

cm{Xnsbt¶m ]Iset¶m hyXymkanÃmsX kZm {]mÀ°n¨psIm­ncp¶ A½sb {]mÀ°\bpsS t{]jnXsb¶phnfn¡mw. BfpIÄ A½sb¸än ]dªncp¶Xv “Ft¸mgpw ]ÅnbpsS Hcp aqebncp¶v {]mÀ°n¡p¶ A½ ” “Ft¸mgpw sIm´ ചൊല്ലിക്കൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്ന A½ ” Fs¶ms¡bmWv. Nm¸ense Hcp aqebn Hcp sIm¨p _©mbncp¶p Fhp{]mky½bpsS Ccn¸nSw. ZnhyImcpWy CutimbpsS kPohkm¶n[yw \ndsªmgpIp¶ k{Imcn¡pap¼n GIm{KNn¯bmbn {]mÀ°n¨pw kw`mjWw sNbvXpw aWn¡qdpIÄ IS¶pt]mIp¶Xv B X]kzn\n AdnbmdnÃ. AXpsIm­mWv Fhp{]mky½sb k{ImcnbpsS Imh¡mcn F¶ A]c\ma¯n Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv. a[yØ{]mÀ°\bpsS Hcp t{]jnX IqSnbmbncp¶ Fhp{]mky½. Fhp{]mky½bpsS {]mÀ°\mklmbw tNmZn¨v ]cnkc{]tZi§fnÂ\n¶p am{XaÃ, ZqctZi§fnÂ\n¶pt]mepw P\§Ä F¯nt¨cmdp­v. AXn \m\mPmXn aXØcpw DÄs¸Spw. a[ykvX{]mÀ°\bv¡mbn Xs¶ kao]n¡p¶ ]ecpsSbpw a\Êpw lrZbhpw Hcpt]mse hmbn¨dnbphm\pÅ ZmÀi\nIiàn A½bv¡p­mbncp¶p. ]e tcmKnIfpsSbpw acWkabw t]mepw A½ ap³Iq«n ]dbpambncp¶p. Fhp{]mky½ X\n¡pIn«nb GXp \·bv¡pw {]Xyp]Imcw \evInbncp¶Xv ssZhk\n\[nbnte¡pbÀ¯p¶ {]mÀ°\bpw ‘acn¨mepw ad¡nÃmt«m’ F¶ hmKvZm\hpambncp¶p.

Fhp{]mky½bpsS CujvSs¸« Hcp tkh\taJebmbncp¶p tcmKoip{iqj. tcmKnip{iqjbnemWv B ]pWymßmhnsâ D]hnsb¶ ]pWyw IqSpXembn {]ISamIp¶Xv. amcIamb ]IÀ¨hym[nIÄ ]nSns]« tcmKnIÄ¡v kvt\lhpw km´z\hpw ]IÀ¶psImSp¯psIm­pÅ ]cnNcWcoXnbmbncp¶p Fhp{]mky½bv¡p­mbncp¶Xv. “ip{iqjn¡s¸Sm\à ip{iqjn¡phm\mWv” h¶ncn¡p¶sX¶ tbip\mYsâ tkh\a{´amWv (aÀt¡m. 10:45) A½sb kzm[n\n¨ncp¶Xv. tcmKnIÄ Fhp{]mky½bpsS ip{iqj e`n¡phm³ B{Kln¨ncp¶p. aäpÅhÀ¡v \ÂIp¶ ip{iqjbpw kvt\lhpw Xsâ PohnXkm^eyambn A½ I­ncp¶p. alXzw BÀÖn¨hsc acW¯n\v adbv¡mt\m a®n\v ebn¸n¡mt\m km[n¡bnÃ. AhÀ Aán¨ndIpÅhcmbn ]d¶phcpw, C¶pw F¶pw \t½msSm¸w Pohn¡p¶ Fhp{]mky½sbt¸mse. PohnX¯n Xncpk{ImcnbpsS XWenencp¶v kvt\l¯m Pzen¡p¶ lrZbt¯msS B [\ymßmhv At\Ih«w Dcphn«p:

           ‘kvt\ltbmKy\mb Cutimsb

            am[qcytadp¶ Cutimsb

            GIm´hmknbmb Cutimsb

            Fsâ lrZbw At§bv¡mbv am{Xw

            I¯n{]Imin¡p¶ hnf¡mbncn¡s«’. 

acn¨mepw ad¡nÃmt«m F¶p hmKvZm\w sNbvX Fhp{]mky½bpsS kvt\l¯n\pw hnip²n¡pw km£yambn ssZhw C¶v A\p{Kl§fpw ASbmf§fpw \ÂIns¡m­ncn¡p¶p.   Cu ImeL«s¯ hnip²oIcn¡m³ \½psS PohnX§sf \hoIcn¡m³ ssZhw sImfp¯n¯¶ Cu Xncnsh«§Ä \½psS hgnIsf {]Imin¸n¡s«.